commonest causes
- ischaemic optic neuropathy (posterior more common; opthalmic artery branches, risk: hemorrhagic hypotension, not necc with extrinsic compression)
-central retinal arterial occlusion (retinal artery thrombosis: retinal pallor, cherry red spot)
(extrinsic compression)
commonest risk factors:
patient - closed angle glaucoma; male patient, diabetic, hypertension, atherosclerosis, smoking
surgery: prolonged, massive blood loss, anemia
anaesthesia: hypotension, extrinsic pressure on eye, increased CVP (resulting in increased IOP), prone position itself increase IOP (head dependent- worse; head up, better)
ameliorating: position 10' head up, careful no pressure on eye, higher transfusion trigger
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